Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics of Children Seeking Emergency Department Care for Firearm Injuries Within the PECARN Network. Adams JG. Bookshelf Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. A Geospatial Analysis of Freestanding and Hospital Emergency Department Accessibility via Public Transit. 2016 Dec;23(12):1313-1319. doi: 10.1111/acem.13047. Coe AB, Moczygemba LR, Harpe SE, et al. The prevalence and effects of hunger in an emergency department patient population. First, we largely used only the PubMed database, which may have left out relevant publications; however, we systematically searched PubMed, and a majority of biomedical publications are indexed in PubMed. Thakarar K, Morgan JR, Gaeta JM, et al. Lo Vecchio F, Bhatia A, Sciallo D. Screening for domestic violence in the emergency department. Conflicts of Interest: By the WestJEM article submission agreement, all authors are required to disclose all affiliations, funding sources and financial or management relationships that could be perceived as potential sources of bias. MedicalXpress Breaking News-and-Events | Jun 29. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Randall T. Hospital-wide program identifies battered women; offers assistance. McLaughlin SA, Crandall CS, Fullerton L, et al. The social determinants of emergency department and hospital use by injection drug users in Canada. Secondly, research on COVID-19-induced emergency supply-distribution management is growing. Discrepancies in relevant publications or classification were reviewed by a third investigator. Even fewer interventional studies examined patient-oriented outcomes; most interventional studies were educational in nature, with outcomes such as clinician awareness and effectiveness of screening. Alex Aregbesola, Oana Florescu, Clara Tam, Amanda Coyle, Lisa Knisley, Kaitlin Hogue, Darcy Beer, Scott Sawyer and Terry P. Klassen. Research By Topic. Deutsch SA, Benyo S, Xie S, et al. Resource-limited, collaborative pilot intervention for chronically homeless, alcohol-dependent frequent emergency department users. Publication selection and exclusion for all topic areas. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Email: info@emspublishers.org, EMS Publishers LLC The impact of a sexual assault/domestic violence program on ED care. Griffey RT, Melson AT, Lin MJ, et al. 44(9C):10.1097/01.EEM.0000889896.22665.07, September 27, 2022. A population-based study of fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries. Zamor R, Byczkowski T, Zhang Y, et al. Sobel J, Oswald J. The Association between Educational Attainment and Patterns of Emergency Department Utilization among Adults with Sickle Cell Disease. Shaw A. Dont be so sure its child abuse. Emergency Medicine is a medical specialty to provide immediate medical assistance to patients in urgent need during acute illness, injuries, and accidents. Low caregiver health literacy is associated with higher pediatric emergency department use and nonurgent visits. The western journal of emergency medicine. Bauer GR, Scheim AI, Deutsch MB, et al. Observational: 63%, Interventional: 10%, Systematic Review: 10%, Commentary: 24% 3. Miller CL. Social emergency medicine research has accelerated in recent years. Sexual abuse evaluations in the emergency department: is the history reliable? For example, while a large number of studies looked at ways to effectively screen patients for things like interpersonal violence, health literacy, and human trafficking, there were few publications following up on outcomes for patients who screened positive. Witting MD, Furuno JP, Hirshon JM, et al. We found very little research in the following eight topic areas: transportation, financial insecurity, education, employment, incarceration, racism, and legal needs, possibly because they may have been traditionally perceived as less directly related to clinical care and may thus have received less attention. Engel KG, Buckley BA, Forth VE, et al. Mackelprang JL, Qiu Q, Rivara FP. History of domestic violence among male patients presenting to an urban emergency department. Youth alcohol use and dating abuse victimization and perpetration: a test of the relationships at the daily level in a sample of pediatric emergency department patients who use alcohol. Price JH, Thompson A, Khubchandani J, et al. In a systematic review of 361 pediatric cases of BB ingestion resulting in severe complications (95 percent with esophageal impaction), death occurred in 19 percent of patients [ 36 ]. Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors. Mundie GE. METHODS. Out-of-hospital and emergency department utilization by adult homeless patients. Frequent Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Homeless People With Medicaid: Implications for Medicaid Expansion. 2021 Nov; 22(6): 13601368. Child abuse pediatric consults in the pediatric emergency department improve adherence to hospital guidelines. Allen L, Cummings J. Topics such as elder abuse and incarceration have been the topic of few publications in the last five years, suggesting possible stagnation in these areas. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. Rosen T, Bloemen EM, LoFaso VM, et al. Homeless patients use of urban emergency departments in the United States. Feldman BJ, Calogero CG, Elsayed KS, et al. From Their Perspective: The Connection between Life Stressors and Health Care Service Use Patterns of Homeless Frequent Users of the Emergency Department. Emergency Department Use for Dental Problems among Homeless Individuals: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Association of injury visits in children and child maltreatment reports. Ernst AA, Weiss SJ, Cham E, et al. Child Sexual Abuse identified in Emergency Departments Using ICD-9-CM, 2011 to 2014. MacMillan HL, Wathen CN, Jamieson E, et al. Gallagher RA, Porter S, Monuteaux MC, et al. Seidel JS, Elvik SL, Berkowitz CD, et al. Is there a relationship between victim and partner alcohol use during an intimate partner violence event? Fatality and Severity of Firearm Injuries in a Denver Trauma Center, 20002013. Aalsma MC, Anderson VR, Schwartz K, et al. Carter PM, Cook LJ, Macy ML, et al. Use of the emergency department as a first point of contact for mental health care by immigrant youth in Canada: a population-based study. Medical Xpress is a web-based medical and health news service that is part of the renowned Science X network. Annual Cost of U.S. Hospital Visits for Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma. 2019 Mar;20(2):403-408. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2019.1.39263. Yonaka L, Yoder MK, Darrow JB, et al. Anderson ES, Lippert S, Newberry J, et al. Language and length of stay in the pediatric emergency department. Trends in Homeless Children and Young Adults Seeking Shelter in a Boston Pediatric Emergency Department Following State Housing Policy Changes, 20112016. Uva JL, Guttman T. Elder abuse education in an emergency medicine residency program. When health insurance is not a factor: national comparison of homeless and nonhomeless US veterans who use Veterans Affairs Emergency Departments. Sarver J, Baker DW. JAMA Surg 2021 Dec. Appendiceal diameter of 15 mm or fever >38C were associated with higher likelihood of early antibiotic failure and need for surgery. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reviews and case-reports on resuscitation, trauma, minor injuries, disaster preparedness and response, toxicology, acute medical and pediatric . Careers. Intimate partner violence: development of a brief risk assessment for the emergency department. Grace AM, Lippert S, Collins K, et al. 35(6):16-18, June 2013. Evaluation of a Screening Tool for Child Sex Trafficking Among Patients With High-Risk Chief Complaints in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Plichta S. The effects of woman abuse on health care utilization and health status: a literature review. Patient comprehension of emergency department care and instructions: are patients aware of when they do not understand? Morrison AK, Schapira MM, Gorelick MH, et al. Ann Emerg Med. Huang MI, ORiordan MA, Fitzenrider E, et al. Emergency department utilization among recently released prisoners: a retrospective cohort study. 2019 Mar;20(2):393-402. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2019.1.39262. The role of a statewide network of health care providers. Aaron J. Calderon, MD, FACP, SFHM, reviewing Haijanen J et al. Wright RJ, Wright RO, Farnan L, et al. The true cost of child abuse at a level 1 pediatric trauma center. Intimate partner violence identification and response: time for a change in strategy. Kurz D. Interventions with battered women in health care settings. A pediatric hospital forms a team to care for sexually maltreated children. Kanak M, Stewart A, Vinci R, et al. Acute care demands have increased dramatically alongside stagnant hospital capacity, 1 and extremes of emergency department (ED) boarding have become endemic. Sprecher AG, Muelleman RL, Wadman MC. Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Homelessness After Shelter Eligibility Policy Change. The Effect of Language on the Discharge Process in a Pediatric Emergency Department. JACEP Open is the first international, peer-reviewed, entirely open access journal from ACEP. Rosen T, Stern ME, Elman A, et al. Accuracy of 3 brief screening questions for detecting partner violence in the emergency department. Roberts YH, Huang CY, Crusto CA, et al. Perciaccante VJ, Carey JW, Susarla SM, et al. Doran KM, Vashi AA, Platis S, et al. Doran KM. Choo EK, Gottlieb AS, DeLuca M, et al. Research article posted Sep 20, 2022. Get daily emergency medicine research topics, journal summaries & news from MDLinx. The Department of Emergency Medicine is nationally recognized for research excellence. Raven MC. Cherry D, Annest JL, Mercy JA, et al. Recent Articles. Egyud A, Stephens K, Swanson-Bierman B, et al. Homelessness and the Practice of Emergency Medicine: Challenges, Gaps in Care, and Moral Obligations. Female domestic violence victims: perspectives on emergency care. This website uses cookies. Somji Z, Plint A, McGahern C, et al. MS, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3600 Forbes Ave, Iroquois Building, Ste 400A, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (elmerjp . Financial burden of emergency department visits for atopic dermatitis in the United States. Currier GW, Brown G, Walsh PG, et al. The Australasian College for Emergency Medicine clinical trials network is available to researchers to assist with facilitating large, multicentre research. Scarlet S, Rogers SO., Jr What Is the Institutional Duty of Trauma Systems to Respond to Gun Violence? Emergency medical care of incarcerated patients: Opportunities for improvement and cost savings. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 44(10):28-29, October 2022. Firearm violence among high-risk emergency department youth after an assault injury. Sick and unsheltered: Homelessness as a major risk factor for emergency care utilization. Moulin A, Evans EJ, Xing G, et al. Coben JH, Friedman DI. Double jeopardy: Predictors of elevated lethality risk among intimate partner violence victims seen in emergency departments. The secrets women keep: intimate partner violence screening in the female trauma patient. Goyal MK, Mollen CJ, Hayes KL, et al. Platts-Mills TF, Hunold KM, Bortsov AV, et al. Platts-Mills TF, Dayaa JA, Reeve BB, et al. Trends in nonfatal and fatal firearm-related injury rates in the United States, 19851995. Ridesharing as an Alternative to Ambulance Transport for Voluntary Psychiatric Patients in the Emergency Department. Barriers and Facilitators to Detecting Child Abuse and Neglect in General Emergency Departments. T +1 302 703 0456 Depiction of publication type and timeline of publications for A. firearm, B. child abuse, C. interpersonal violence, and D. homelessness topic areas in the social emergency medicine literature. Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. Top Journals For Emergency Medicine with Impact Factor, Citescore, Overall Ranking/Rating, h-index, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), ISSN, Publisher, and other Important Details . 23(12):18, December 2001. Emergency Medicine News. Battered women: where they go for help. EM and adjacent fields have extensively documented racial inequities in access, utilization, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes over the course of many decades. Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox, Medical Xpress 2011 - 2022 powered by Science X Network. Confronting hunger in the emergency department. Navigating the boundaries of emergency department care: addressing the medical and social needs of patients who are homeless. We conducted a comprehensive PubMed search using Medical Subject Heading terms and phrases pertaining to social EM topic areas (e.g., homelessness, housing instability) based on previously published expert consensus. 1848. Development of the SaFETy Score: A Clinical Screening Tool for Predicting Future Firearm Violence Risk. Administration and policy in mental health. Supporting female survivors of intimate partner violence with disabilities: Recommendations for social workers in the emergency department. Abaya R, Atte T, Herres J, et al. Observational: 64%, Interventional: 5%, Systematic Review: 0%, Commentary: 32% 7. Choo EK, Nicolaidis C, Newgard CD, et al. Criteria for inclusion were as follows: (1) published in English; (2) conducted in the US or Canada through July 31, 2020; and (3) deemed relevant to social EM. Russo R, Fury M, Accardo S, et al. "In particular, we identified an urgent need for researchers to focus on developing evidence-informed interventions to address and eliminate racism and other systems of oppression in health care," added Cleveland Manchanda, who also is assistant program director of the Ravin Davidoff Executive Fellowship in Health Equity at Boston Medical Center and the Director for Social Justice Education and Implementation at the American Medical Association. Language interpreter utilization in the emergency department setting: a clinical review. DeLiema M, Homeier DC, Anglin D, et al. It is the culmination of more than 5 years of discussions between NIH and the emergency medicine community. Ginde AA, Clark S, Camargo CA., Jr Language barriers among patients in Boston emergency departments: use of medical interpreters after passage of interpreter legislation. Insight Into Health Care Services: A Characterization of Emergency Room Visits and Economic Hazards in the United States. Emergency department response to battered women in Massachusetts. Stanley RM, Nigrovic LE. Predictors of Emergency Department Use among Individuals with Current or Previous Experience of Homelessness. Fulmer T, Paveza G, Abraham I, et al. Pless IB, Sibald AD, Smith MA, et al. Prisoners in the emergency department. Research Article posted Oct 04, 2022. Ziminski CE, Phillips LR, Woods DL. 2014;64(5):51625. Lethal Means Counseling for Parents of Youth Seeking Emergency Care for Suicidality. Button battery (BB) ingestion with esophageal impaction in children is a true emergency that can cause life-threatening complications. Acute Alcohol Use, History of Homelessness, and Intent of Injury Among a Sample of Adult Emergency Department Patients. Language barriers in the emergency room. King, Brent R. Emergency Medicine News. Joyner-Grantham J, Mount DL, McCorkle OD, et al. Semple-Hess JE, Pham PK, Cohen SA, et al. Campbell JC, Pliska MJ, Taylor W, et al. Screening for sexual orientation in psychiatric emergency departments. Jones J, Dougherty J, Schelble D, et al. We limited our search to title only rather than title and abstract, which may have also omitted relevant publications; however, after attempting both title only and title and abstract searches, we found title only searches to have much higher relevance. The .gov means its official. Jiang Y, Ranney ML, Sullivan B, et al. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Virchow RC. We also did not conduct a detailed analysis of publication quality, given that we set out to complete a scoping review rather than a systematic review; however, publication quality would have been difficult to assess across the diversity of topic areas given the vast array of topics and study designs. Carpenter CR, Kaphingst KA, Goodman MS, et al. Wolff J, Cantos A, Zun L, et al. Brown RT, Steinman MA. Can Statewide Emergency Department, Hospital Discharge, and Violent Death Reporting System Data Be Used to Monitor Burden of Firearm-Related Injury and Death in Rhode Island? The Relation between Food Insecurity and Mental Health Care Service Utilization in Ontario. The observational research spanned a broad range of topic areas covering many parts of ED care, including triage (8%),419,438 history of present illness collection (4%),416 management of care (4%),411 interpreter utilization and need (12%),415,428,429 ED resource utilization (15%),423,424,431,433 length of stay (8%),427,430 the discharge process (15%),417,420422 and follow-up care (8%).432,435 Of the interventional studies, one examined the role of the patients preferred language in the success of a drinking intervention.437 Another looked at the efficacy and efficiency of a bilingual, kiosk-based self-triage system compared to a nurse.438 The third publication investigated the effectiveness of a bilingual medical history questionnaire.439 The review and commentary pieces described the language barriers patients face in the ED440 and utilization of interpreter services.441,442 Of all publications, 12 (38%) focused on pediatric populations.411,417,420422,425427,430,431,433,438, We identified 34 relevant publications443475: 25 observational studies443466; four interventional studies467470; three review publications473475; and two commentary publications.471,472 Of the observational studies, 11 (41%) examined health literacy screening and patients understanding of discharge instructions,443,445,451453,461463,466,474,476 eight (30%) investigated the relationship between health literacy and ED utilization,447,448,455,457,458,460,469,473 and 10 (37%) focused on the literacy of the parents of pediatric patients.446,448,454,457,458,467469,473,475 One study focused on ways to improve a patients understanding of the clinical encounter with improved communication tools for physicians or teach-back strategies with patients.450 All four of the interventional studies involved educational interventions for parents of pediatric patients.467470, We identified 73 relevant publications4,477548: 61 observational studies4,477536; five interventional studies537541; six commentary publications,542547; and one review publication (Figure 3D).548 Twenty-eight (46%) observational studies focused on ED utilization, including factors predicting ED utilization and characteristics of homeless patients that frequently used the ED.4,478,479,487,492,499,501503,505508,510,511,513,514,519,521,524,527533 Another common study objective (16%) included the effect of substance use and mental illness on ED utilization of homeless patients.480,484,488,493,494,500,509,526,535,539 Four (7%) observational studies looked into ED provider perspectives,515,520,523 and two looked into homeless patient perspectives on ED services.482,483 A few studies focused on specific sub-populations of homeless patients, including veterans,492,519,524,528 older adults,499,501 and pediatric patients.485,486,507,534 Two (40%) interventional studies centered on analyzing the effect of case management interventions on ED utilization.537,541, We identified 29 relevant publications 25 observational studies549574; two interventional studies,575,576; and two commentary publications.577,578 Objectives among observational studies included the following: food insecurity prevalence (27%)555,560562,564,565,567; ED utilization (19%)549,550,552,570,571; screening (8%),553,572; and cost of care (12%).550,559,561 Four (15%) publications explored the health consequences of food insecurity.561,565567 Five (19%) publications focused the intersection between diabetic patients, food insecurity, and presentation to the ED.552,554,559,563,568 Three publications (12%) also focused specifically on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits running out near the end of the month,569 and the impact on patients with diabetes568 and hypertension.556 Nine (35%) observational studies focused on pediatric populations.549,553555,560,562,566,573,574 One interventional study was a randomized controlled trial of two screening methods,576 and the other was a program to improve access to food for pediatric ED patients.575, Two relevant publications were identified,579,580 both of which were observational and published in 2019. 44(10):1,43-44, October 2022. Pain Manag. Wolters Kluwer Health
39(1):5, January 2017. Emergency Medicine News. Waldrop RD, Felter RA. Use of a bilingual medical history questionnaire in the emergency department. Firearm related injuries amongst children: estimates from the nationwide emergency department sample. Holter JC, Friedman SB. Emergency Department utilization among Deaf American Sign Language users. Systematic Review of ED-based Intimate Partner Violence Intervention Research. Critical care nursing clinics of North America. Samuels-Kalow ME, Stack AM, Porter SC. Goldstick JE, Carter PM, Heinze JE, et al. Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners. An official website of the United States government. Despite the large and growing number of relevant publications across categories, only 58 publications (10%) were interventional studies. MPL received funding from the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number K23 HL143042. Gutman CK, Cousins L, Gritton J, et al. Saunders NR, Gill PJ, Holder L, et al. Community Resource Needs Assessment Among Families Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department. In 1848 Rudolph Virchow declared social problems to be largely within the jurisdiction of physicians.1,2 Emergency physicians serve as safety net providers and are often on the front line of epidemics, natural disasters, and civil unrest.3 The emergency department (ED) is a unique place to identify and intervene in social issues, as patients often present with complaints directly influenced by social determinants of health (SDOH),4 and EDs serve patients who have limited access to care.5 As a result, the field of social emergency medicine (EM) has developed to examine and influence social factors in the context of acute healthcare needs. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Morris AM, Engelberg Anderson JK, Schmitthenner B, et al. Articles and Guidelines: A compilation of Emergency Medicine articles and guidelines directed at topic-specific patient care issues when you need to find information quickly Blogs, Training Resources, and Websites : information on training programs/courses along with popular Emergency Medicine podcasts, blogs and websites the Emergency Medicine . Feldman BJ, Craen AM, Enyart J, et al. Kivlahan C, Kruse R, Furnell D. Sexual assault examinations in children. Firearm research and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health research in particular grew rapidly over the last five years. International journal of emergency mental health. Wong NZ, Rosen T, Sanchez AM, et al. Relationship between Insurance Type and Discharge Disposition From the Emergency Department of Young Children Diagnosed with Physical Abuse. JACEP Open will publish online only with unrestricted access to articles as they become available. Neuman MI, Kellogg ND. The consensus conference was supported by grant R13 HS027528-01 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. GW Department of Emergency Medicine. Barnes PD, Robson CD. The Office of Emergency Care Research (OECR) was announced in July 2012. I would like to subscribe to Science X Newsletter. The dearth of interventional studies examining patient outcomes underscores a need for funding to support testing and dissemination of potential interventions, given that observational studies are more feasible and less resource-intensive than interventional studies. Child abuse training and knowledge: a national survey of emergency medicine, family medicine, and pediatric residents and program directors. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). Caregiver low health literacy and nonurgent use of the pediatric emergency department for febrile illness. Innocents abused. Food, shelter and safety needs motivating homeless persons visits to an urban emergency department. It also responds to reports about the nation's emergency medical system issued in 2006 by the Institute of Medicine: Hospital-Based Emergency Care: At the Breaking . Ginde AA, Sullivan AF, Corel B, et al. Randomized prospective study to evaluate child abuse documentation in the emergency department. BMC Emergency Medicine 2022 22 :147. Beydoun HA, Williams M, Beydoun MA, et al. Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: Health Care Use and Case Characteristics. by Alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs: future directions for screening and intervention in the emergency department. the Science X network is one of the largest online communities for science-minded people. Morrison A, Roman B, Borges N. Psychiatry and emergency medicine: medical student and physician attitudes toward homeless persons. Pakieser RA, Lenaghan PA, Muelleman RL. Improving Emergency Department Care for Pediatric Victims of Sexual Abuse. Prehospital emergency care normally comes as first aid care services, where before admitting patient to an emergency care or hospital we try to provide some kind of medication, physiotherapy or life saving procedures based on the kind of emergency observed. We used the PubMed database for our searches, with the exception of the Social Emergency Medicine Training search, which also used the MedEd Portal database. Language Barriers and the Management of Bronchiolitis in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Emergency physicians in Missouri served in integral positions . Pandya NK, Baldwin K, Wolfgruber H, et al. The University of Pittsburgh Human Research Protection Office approved this study. A 5-year comparison of ED visits by homeless and nonhomeless patients. Food insecurity, healthcare utilization, and high cost: a longitudinal cohort study. Griffey RT, McNaughton CD, McCarthy DM, et al. This article aims to summarize the current understanding of bile pigments and re-evaluate their . Jetelina KK, Reingle Gonzalez JM, Brown CVR, et al. Wiebe DJ. Emergency management of sexually abused children. Floyed RL, Hirsh DA, Greenbaum VJ, et al. Another publication focused on predicting ED visits using SDOH measures.590 Two publications (29%) focused on pediatric populations.555,590. . Homelessness Among Patients in a Southeastern Safety Net Emergency Department. Musso MW, Perret JN, Sanders T, et al. Please enable scripts and reload this page. 2009 Nov;16(11):1078-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00552.x. Health, access to health care, and health care use among homeless women with a history of intimate partner violence. The site is secure. Runyan CW, Brooks-Russell A, Tung G, et al. 44(11):1,27-28, November 2022. Rosen T, Stern ME, Mulcare MR, et al. Loiselle JM, Westle RE. Cicero EC, Perry Black B. Based on a few large-scale EHR databases, such as Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) 15, eICU Collaborative Research Database 16, and Amsterdam University Medical Centers . Correlates of intimate partner violence among female patients at a North Carolina emergency department. Peltz A, Garg A. Association of Oral Health Literacy and Dental Visitation in an Inner-City Emergency Department Population. Oates G, Tadros A, Davis SM. Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews. Correlates of intimate partner violence among men and women in an inner city emergency department. Sources, in accordance with the display of certain parts of an administrative on! And complications be seen and 857 ( 13 % 2 recipient 's address will be used for any purpose, Brandner AM, Perhats C, Schneider E, Nadeau a, Tung G, wang Y, a! Chest emergency medicine research articles to accessive bleeding during in Connecticut, 2011 to 2014 Silicon Valley, patient. 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